Naltrexone

Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist that is used in the treatment of both opioid dependence and alcohol dependence.

Naltrexone for alcohol dependence

Naltrexone in injectable form (Vivitrol®) is a new treatment option for patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence. In 2006, FDA approved the long-acting formulation of naltrexone which is designed for a once-monthly dosing of naltrexone. In people with alcohol dependence, it is believed that this blockade diminishes craving for alcohol and leads to a greater ability to resist urges to drink excessively. Naltrexone is also available in oral form (ReVia®).

Although the mechanism responsible for the reduction in alcohol consumption observed with treatment is not entirely understood, preclinical data suggests that occupation of the opioid receptors results in the blockade of the neurotransmitters in the brain that are believed to be involved with alcohol dependence. This blockade may result in the reduction in alcohol consumption observed in patients treated with IM naltrexone.

• Medical Treatments for Alcohol Dependence. Internet Alcohol Recovery Center
• Evidence for the Efficacy of Naltrexone in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence (Alcoholism). (PDF, 686 KB)
  Forum: Naltrexone Clinical Update.
  

Naltrexone for opioid dependence

Naltrexone is a non-opioid medication that is used in the treatment of opioid dependence. Naltrexoneis an opioid receptor antagonist. It binds to opioid receptors, but instead of activating the receptors, it effectively blocks them. By antagonizing the opioid receptors it prevents opioids from exerting their euphorigenic (or therapeutic) effects.

• Naltrexone and Lofexidine Combination Treatment Compared with Conventional Lofexidine Treatment for In-Patient Opiate Detoxification. Research Brief. November 30, 2000
• Naltexone Prescription for Heroin Addiction. Dr Andrew Byrne

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